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From official sources (CITES texts, national management authorities, carriers) cited at the bottom of each item with their link when one exists. The publication date is displayed on every item.

No. They describe rules and practices as of their publication date. Rules change: before acting, check with the cited source and the competent authority of the country concerned.

The import permit. Under Article III of CITES, the country of origin cannot issue the export permit until the import permit from the country of destination has been presented. Applying in the reverse order leads to a refusal and a restart from zero.

No. A hybrid with a single ancestor from an Appendix I species is treated as an Appendix I specimen. In the European Union, parentage is traced back four generations, so the hybridization formula alone is not enough to determine the applicable regime.

Six months from its date of issue. If the rest of the file takes longer, the permit expires and the application has to start over.

No. The falcon passport is a local registration. It is neither an import permit, nor an export permit, nor a title of ownership, nor proof of captive origin.

That the bird's genetic profile is compatible with its declared parents. It is the only one of the three common identifiers admissible in court, but it does not prove captive birth: it makes a false declaration detectable.

A closed ring shows that a ring was fitted to a young bird, not on which bird. A transponder links a number to an individual and allows an on-the-spot check, but it says nothing about the bird's origin.

Several Gulf carriers allow it, under conditions specific to each airline that can change without notice. Always check the conditions in force with the airline at the time of booking.

The route actually flown must match the one declared on the health documents and the air waybill. An undeclared stopover or a last-minute flight change can invalidate the health certificate.

Three at once: the CITES export permit (six months), avian influenza and Newcastle disease tests (thirty days) and the clinical examination (seven days). A flight delay can make one expire while the rest of the file remains valid.

No. An automated check reads a document, it does not authenticate it. Only confirmation from the issuing authority comes close, which is the purpose of the higher verification levels.

Each item lists its sources and its publication date. It describes rules and practices as of that date and is not legal advice: always check with the competent authority before acting.